"Although Bloom's Taxonomy proved useful to teachers and students alike, recent decades gave rise to numerous criticisms, implying that the model was out of date. These criticisms included concerns with setting applicability, contemporary language, and process conceptualization. More recently, Anderson and Krathwohl (2001) have adapted Bloom's model to fit the needs of today's classroom by employing more outcome-oriented language, workable objectives, and changing nouns to active verbs (see "stairs" below). Most notably, knowledge has been converted to remember. In addition, the highest level of development is create rather than evaluate."
Clark (2002) provided an adaptation of Bloom's work to facilitate active learning. Although originally the tool was developed by a class of teachers for use in curriculum building in the high school level, the suggestions would work for college level classes as well. The inner ring contains the original levels of Bloom's taxonomy. The middle ring offers synonyms for the various academic processes that comprise that taxonomic level. The outer ring links process to product. For example, if you wanted to increase application skills, you might ask students to construct diagrams of the key concepts involved in the content of the class. If you wish to improve evaluation skills, you might ask students to produce an editorial for the student newspaper in which they discuss the strengths and weaknesses of a particular side of a controversial issue. We have modernized the language of the original circle to reflect the latest version of Bloom's Taxonomy.
Cognitive Taxonomy Circle |
